The growing up process is the most crucial period in a person's life. This is the period of personality formation. The violent hormonal changes taking place in the adolescent's body are inextricably linked with psychological changes and a leap in intellectual, emotional and physical development. This is a period of research and experimentation , including and in the sphere of intimate relations.   

Young people aspire Xia become more independent, and at the same time experiencing the fear of misunderstanding on the part of adults and condemnation associated with high psychological vulnerability . It is at this time that adolescents especially need help and support from adults. They need to know and understand what is happening to them, learn to consciously manage their emotions, feelings and behavior, realize that taking care of their health is normal, that this is the key to success and a future happy life.

There are two approaches to sex education around the world: purely abstinence promotion and a comprehensive program that includes contraception information and interpersonal skills training to help a young man or woman learn to make informed choices. As the authors of the World Population 2013 report, published by the United Nations, note, "Two major studies have found that abstinence -only programs do not effectively end or delay sexual debut." The lowest teenage pregnancy rate among European countries is now in Switzerland (8 per 1,000 girls aged 15-19) and the Netherlands (14 per 1,000). Researchers associate this statistic with long-standing sex education programs in countries, free family planning services, and low cost of emergency contraception. According to research data, the rate of use of methods and means of contraception in Belarus is much lower than in Europe and the United States, especially at the first sexual contact.

Lack of mutual understanding in the family, excessive pressure from adults, lack of self-confidence - all this forces teenagers to unite in groups. Usually experimentation with smoking, alcohol, toxic and narcotic substances, and sometimes the onset of sexual activity begins in a group and is supported by an interest in the unusual, the “herd reflex”.

The main patterns of reproductive behavior of adolescent girls:

• p Annius sexual debut and irregular sexual life
• h astaya change sexual partners
• insufficient atochnoe sex education
• fear of parents and doctor
• using advice from friends in choosing a contraceptive method
• short-term use of contraception
• irregular menstrual periods and the use of ineffective contraceptive methods

Today, many young people equate the concepts of love and sex. It is important to remind about the criminal liability of an adult partner for having sex with a teenager who has not yet turned 16 years old.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are spread primarily through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal and oral sex. More than 30 different bacteria, viruses and parasites are transmitted during sexual intercourse. Eight of these pathogens are associated with the highest incidence . Four of these eight infections are currently curable - syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis. The other four infections are viral and difficult to treat — human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B and C , herpes simplex virus (HSV), and human papilloma virus (HPV). Parasitic infections: pubic louse and scabies, molluscum contagiosum, amebiasis and others.

In the early stages of the disease, outwardly, nothing may appear, a person is unaware of the presence of an infection and may inadvertently infect his sexual partners. The first and sure signs of an STI are discharge from the genitals, itching, burning during urination or intercourse. Therefore, when the first signs of the disease appear, it is recommended to visit a doctor, and be sure to undergo a full laboratory examination. STI transferred during adolescence can affect the rest of his life, and cause the development of chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, male and female infertility, miscarriage pregnancy .

In developing countries, approximately 12 million girls aged 15-19 and at least 777,000 girls under 15 years of age have childbirths each year. For medical reasons, early pregnancy is considered a pregnancy that occurs in a girl under the age of eighteen. Only by the age of eighteen, the girl's body is already sufficiently formed and fully ready for bearing and giving birth to a baby. Therefore, pregnancy and childbirth at a young age can be dangerous for both the life of the mother and the baby. Complications during pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death among girls aged 15-19 worldwide. The negative aspects of early pregnancy include the fact that 70% of teenage pregnancies end in abortion, and about 15% are miscarriages. And only 15% of girls can safely carry and give birth to babies. From a psychological point of view, pregnancy in adolescent girls aged 13-17 has a destructive effect on the development of their emotional - volitional sphere, value orientations, on the formation of sexual and maternal behavior. This applies to both "dysfunctional" and successful "(according to the factors of desirability and" legitimacy ") pregnancies of young people.

HPV usually occurs after the onset of sexual activity and can lead not only to a short-term illness (genital warts , condylomas ) in adolescence, but also, more dangerous, to cervical cancer and other cancers after several decades. There is no specific treatment for HPV infection in the world. Today, there is not a single drug that would be aimed at destroying the virus. Data published in the Cochrane Library shows that HPV vaccines protect against cervical damage in young women, especially those vaccinated between the ages of 15 and 26. Younger adolescence (9-14 years) is optimal for HPV vaccination . In 2019, only 15% of girls worldwide received this vaccine.

In accordance with WHO recommendations, adolescents have the right to choose a method of contraception and should have access to all the variety in their choice of contraception. Sexuality education can help you avoid the problems associated with adolescent sexuality. But the question is not to “protect” from knowledge about one's sexuality , or to inform about biology and contraception, about the possibilities of contracting STIs, and the increased likelihood of “getting infected” by alcohol intoxication. The main thing is to educate the foundations of morality: the formation of the values of a healthy brother of life, a conscious attitude towards parenting, positive marital and family attitudes, a culture of sexual relations .